经过了热身训练后，也是不得不进行文化学习，没办法，早读。
读什么呢？读《资本论》。只见他不情愿的开口读到：“商品使资本家耗费的东西和商品的生产本身所耗费的东西，无疑是两个完全不同的量。商品价值中由剩余价值构成的部分，不需要资本家耗费什么东西，因为它耗费的只是工人的无酬劳动。但是，因为在资本主义生产的基础上，工人自己在进入生产过程之后，就成为执行职能的并属于资本家的生产资本的一个组成部分，也就是说，资本家是实际的商品生产者，所以，对资本家来说，商品的成本价格必然表现为商品本身的实际费用。我们把成本价格叫作k，W=c+v+m这个公式就转化为W=k+m这个公式，或者说，商品价值=成本价格+剩余价值。
因此，把商品价值中那些只是补偿商品生产上耗费的资本价值的部分归结为成本价格这个范畴的办法，一方面，表示出资本主义生产的特殊性质。商品的资本主义费用是用资本的耗费来计量的，而商品的实际费用则是用劳动的耗费来计量的。歧义之所在。所以，商品的资本主义的成本价格，在数量上是与商品的价值或商品的实际成本价格不同的；它小于商品价值，因为，既然W=k+m，那末k=W-m。另一方面，商品的成本价格也决不是一个仅仅存在于资本家账簿上的项目。这个价值部分的独立存在，在现实的商品生产中，会经常发生实际的影响，因为这个价值部分会通过流通过程，由它的商品形式不断地再转化为生产资本的形式，因而商品的成本价格必须不断买回在商品生产上耗费的各种生产要素……”
其实他是真的不想读这个东西，但是直觉告诉他，今天这个东西可能很重要。于是他也就拼了命的在背。他边背还边练起了杀敌拳。
练完杀敌拳，他也就练起了九阳神功。他始终认为只要自己在武徒时期内将九阳神功中的一阳练出来，他就足以横扫武徒一境了。随着练功的深入，他觉得自己能不能将九阳神功的心法与杀敌拳联系起来，这样可以在杀敌拳中再附上九阳真气，这样杀敌拳的威力可以大增。
事实打了他的脸，果不其然，九阳神功是不可以与杀敌拳一起修行的。他发现杀敌拳其中走的经络完全与九阳神功中的经络走向不同。果然要是自己这么轻而易举就办到的事，古人能不知道呢。
于是他还是老老实实的上文化课了。今天的赵玉庭老师依旧稳定发挥，连抽10人都背不出昨天学的《资本论》的内容。他还是望着眼前的学员说出了那句：“你们是我带过最差的一届。”于是他又开口说了一句：“那就再来一位同学，就昨天读的那位同学来背一下吧。”在众人嘲讽般的眼神注视下，他还是勉强背出了。现在只留下，一脸错愕的众人。他还是那句话：“那年我双手插兜不知道什么叫做对手”。赵老师还是说了一句：“终于还是有一位同学能够背的出来，今天我就不罚你们了，你们要向陈同学好好学习啊”。
今天我们继续学习物理方面的知识，就打开书本23面，就只见书面上写着《自然科学的数学原理》作者艾萨克·牛顿。好东西，今天跟我们讲经典力学，他还是不慌的，毕竟自己初高中的时候还是学了不少的，这时他又看到课本上的文字时。
MATH.-STAT
SIMISAACMIBWfOM
NEWTONSPRINCIPIA
THE
MATHEMATICALPRINCIPLES
OF
NATURALPHILOSOPHY，
BYSIRISAACNEWTON;
TRANSLATEDINTOENGLISHBYANDREWMOTTE
TOWHICHISADDKTV
NEWTONSSYSTEMOFTHEWORLD;
WithaPortraittakenfromtheBustintheRoyalObservatoryatGreenwich
FIRSTAMERICANEDITION，CAREFULLYREVISEDANDCORRECTED，
WITHALIFEOFTHEAUTHOR，BYPI.W.CHITTENDEN，M.A.，&e
NEW-YORK
PUBLISHEDBYDANIELADEE，45LIBERTYSTREET
p*-
KnteredaccordingtoActofCongress，intheyear1846，by
DANIELADEE
3!LthtClerksOfficeuttiieSouthernOisli:ctCourtofNew-York
TWuey*Lockwoof，Stom
16SpruceSt.N.Y
DEDICATION
TOTHE
TEACHERSOFTHENORMALSCHOOL
OFTHESTATEOFNEW-YORK
GENTLEMEN!
Astirringfreshnessintheair，andruddystreaksuponthe
horizonofthemoralworldbetokenthegratefuldawningofanew
ora.Thedaysofadrivellinginstructionaredeparting.With
usistheopeningpromiseofabettertime，whereingenuineman
hooddoingitsnoblestworkshallhaveadequatereward
TEACHERisthehighestandmostresponsibleofficemancanfill
Itsdignityis，andwillyetbeheldcommensuratewithitsduty
adutyboundlessasmansintellectualcapacity，andgreatashis
moralneedadutyfromtheperformanceofwhichshallemanate
aninfluencenotlimitedtothenowandthehere，butwhichsurely
will，astimeflowsintoeternityandspaceintoinfinity，rollup，a
measurelesscurseorameasurelessblessing，ininconceivable
swellingsalongtheinfinitecurve.Itisanofficethatshouldbe
esteemedofevensacredimportinthiscountry.Erelongahun
dredmillions，extendingfromtheAtlantictothePacific，from
BaffinsBaytothatofPanama，shallcallthemselvesAmerican
citizens.Whatafieldforthosetwomaster-passionsofthehu
mansoultheloveofRule，andtheloveofGain!Howshall
ourlibertiescontinuetobepreservedfromthegraspingsofAm
bitionandthecorruptionsofGold?NotbyBillsofRights
4DEDICATION
Constitutions，andStatuteBooks;butalonebytherightlyculti
vatedheartsandheadsofthePEOPLE.Theymustthemselves
guardtheArk.Itisyourstotitthemfortheconsecrated
charge.Lookwelltoit:foryouappearclothedinthemajesty
ofgreatpower!Itisyourstofashion，andtoinform，tosave，
andtoperpetuate.YouaretheEducatorsofthePeople:you
aretheprimeConservatorsofthepublicweal.Betrayyour
trust，andthesacredfireswouldgoout，andthealtarscrumble
intodust:knowledgebecomelostintradition，andChristianno
blenessafable!Asyou，therefore，aremultipliedinnumber，
elevatedinconsideration，increasedinmeans，andfulfill，welland
faithfully，alltherequirementsoftrueTeachers，soshallourfa
vouredlandliftupherheadamongthenationsoftheearth，and
callherselfblessed
Inconclusion，Gentlemen，toyou，astheconspicuousleade
inthevastandhonourablelabourofEducationalHelbrm，ana
PopularTeaching，theFirstAmericanEditionofthePRINCIPIAol
NewtonthegreatestwrorkofthegreatestTeacherismos
respectfullydedicated
N.W.CHITTENDEN
INTRODUCTIONTOTHEAMERICANEDITION
THATthePRINCIPIAofNewtonshouldhaveremainedsogen
erallyunknowninthiscountrytothepresentdayisasomewha
remarkablefact;becausethenameoftheauthor，learnedwith
theveryelementsofscience，isreveredateveryhearth-stone
whereknowledgeandvirtueareofchiefesteem，while，abroad，
inallthehighplacesoftheland，thecharacterwhichthatname
recallsisheldupasthenoblestillustrationofwhatMANmaybe，
andmaydo，inthepossessionandmanifestationofpre-eminen
intellectualandmoralworth;becausetheworkiscelebrated，no
onlyinthehistoryofonecareerandonemind，butinthehistory
ofallachievementandhumanreasonitself;becauseofthespiri
ofinquiry，whichhasbeenaroused，andwhich，inpursuingits
searchings，isnotalwayssatisfiedwithstoppingshortofthefoun
tain-headofanygiventruth;and，finally，becauseoftheearnes
endeavourthathasbeenandisconstantlygoingon，inmany
sectionsoftheRepublic，toelevatethepopularstandardofedu
cationandgivetoscientificandothereffortsahigheranda
betterai
True，thePRINCIPIAhasbeenhithertoinaccessibletopopular
use.AfewcopiesinLatin，andoccasionallyoneinEnglishmay
befoundinsomeofourlargerlibraries，orinthepossessionof
someardentdiscipleofthegreatMaster.Butad^adlanguage
intheonecase，andanenormouspriceinboth，particularlyin
thatoftheEnglishedition，havethusfaropposedverysufficien
obstaclestothewidecirculationofthework.Itisnow，how
ever，placedwithinthereachofall.Andinperformingthisla
bour，theutmostcarehasbeentaken，bycollation，revision，and
otherwise，torendertheFirstAmericanEditionthemostaccurate
andbeautifulinourlanguage
uLeplusbeaumonumentque
?onpuissecleveralagloiredeNewton，cestunebonneedition
desesouvrages:“andamonumentlikeuntothatwewouldhere
V:INTRODUCTIONTO
setup.ThePRINCIPIA，aboveall，glowswiththeimmortalityof
atranscendantmind.Marbleandbrassdissolveandpassaway;
butthetruecreationsofgeniusendure，intimeandbeyondtime，
forever:highupontheadamantoftheindestructible，theysend
forthafarandnear，overthetroublouswatersoflife，apure，un
wavering，quenchlesslightwherebythemyriadmyriadsofbarques，
richlyladenwithreason，intelligenceandvariousfaculty，are
guidedthroughthenightandthestorm，bythebeetlingshore
andthehiddenrock，thebreakerandtheshoal，safelyintohavens
calmandsecure
Totheteacherandthetaught，thescholarandthestudent，the
devoteeofScienceandtheworshipperofTruth，thePRINCIPIA
mustevercontinuetobeofinestimablevalue.Iftoeducate
means，notsomuchtostorethememorywithsymbolsandfacts，
astobringforththefacultiesofthesoulanddevelopethemtothe
fullbyhealthynurtureandahardydiscipline，then，whatsoeffec
tivetotheaccomplishmentofthatendasthestudyofGeometri
calSynthesis?TheCalculus，insomeshapeorother，is，indeed，
necessarytothesuccessfulprosecutionofresearchesinthehigher
branchesofphilosophy.ButhasnottheAnalyticalencroached
upontheSynthetical，andAlgorithmicFormulaebeenemployed
whennotrequisite，eitherfortheevolutionoftruth，orevenits
apterillustration?Toeachmethodbelongs，undoubtedly，an
appropriateuse.Newton，himselftheinventorofFluxions，
censuredthehandlingofGeometricalsubjectsbyAlgebraical
calculations;andthematurestopinionswhichheexpressedwere
additionallyinfavouroftheGeometricalMethod.Hisprefer
ence，sostronglymarked，isnottobereckonedamerematteroi
taste;andhisauthorityshouldbearwithpreponderatingweigh
uponthedecisionofeveryinstructorinadoptingwhatmaybe
deemedthebestplantoinsurethecompletes!mentaldevelop
ment.Geometry，thevigorousproductofremotetime;blended
withtheearliestaspirationsofScienceandtheearliestapplica
tionsofArt;aswellinthemeasuresofmusicasinthemove
mentofspheres;aswhollyinthestructureoftheatomasintha
oftheworld;directingMOTIONandshapingAPPEARANCE;ina
wonl，*tthemouldingofthecreatedall，is，incomprehensive
THEAMERICANEDITION.Vll
view，theoutwardformofthatInnerHarmonyofwhichandin
whichallthingsare.Plainly，therefore，thisnoblestudyhas
otherandinfinitelyhigherusesthantoincreasethepowerofab
straction.Amoregeneralandthoroughcultivationofitshould
oestrenuouslyinsistedon.PassingfromthepagesofEuclidor
Legendre，mightnotthestudentbeled，atthesuitabletime，to
thoseofthePRINCIPIAwhereinGeometrymaybefoundinvaried
usefromthefamiliartothesublime?Theprofoundestandthe
happiestresults，itisbelieved，wouldattenduponthisenlargemen
ofourEducationalSyste
LetthePRINCIPIA，then，begladlywelcomedintoeveryHall
whereaTRUETEACHERpresides.Andtheywhoareguidedto
thediligentstudyofthisincomparablework，whobecome
strengthenedbyitsreason，assuredbyitsevidence，andenligh
enedbyitstruths，andwhoriseintolovingcommunionwiththe
greatandpurespiritofitsauthor，willgoforthfromthescenes
oftheirpupilage，andtaketheirplacesintheworldasstrongminded，
right-heartedmensuchmenastheTheoryofour
Governmentcontemplatesanditspracticaloperationabsolutely
demands
LIFEOF
SIEISAACNEWTON
Necfasestpropriusmortal?attingereDivos.HALLEY
FROMthethickdarknessofthemiddleagesmansstruggling
spiritemergedasinnewbirth;breakingoutoftheironcontrol
ofthatperiod;growingstrongandconfidentinthetuganddin
ofsucceedingconflictandrevolution，itboundedforwardsand
upwardswithresistlessvigourtotheinvestigationofphysicaland
moraltruth;ascendingheightafterheight;sweepingafarover
theearth，penetratingafarupintotheheavens;increasinginen
deavour，enlarginginendowment;everywhereboldly，earnestly
out-stretching，till，intheAUTHORofthePRINCIPIA，onearose，
who，graspingthemaster-keyoftheuniverseandtreadingits
celestialpaths，openeduptothehumanintellectthestupendous
realitiesofthematerialworld，and，intheunrollingofitsharmo
nies，gavetothehumanheartanewsongtothegoodness，wis
dom，andmajestyoftheall-creating，all-sustaining，all-perfec
God
SirIsaacNewton，inwhomtherisingintellectseemedtoattain，
asitwere，toitsculminatingpoint，wasbornonthe25thofDe
cember，O.S.1642ChristmasdayatWoolsthorpe，inthe
parishofColsterworth，inLincolnshire.Hisfather，JohnNew
ton，diedattheageofthirty-six，andonlyafewmonthsafterhis
marriagetoHarrietAyscough，daughterofJamesAyscough，oi
Rutlandshire.Mrs.Newton，probablywroughtuponbythe
earlylossofherhusband，gaveprematurebirthtoheronlyand
posthumouschild，ofwhich，too，fromitsextremediminutiveness，
sheappearedlikelytobesoonbereft.Happily，itwasotherwise
decreed!Thetinyinfant，onwhoselittlelipsthebreathoflife
10LIFEOFSIRISAACNEWTON
sodoubtinglyhovered，lived;
livedtoavigorousmaturity，toa
haleoldage;livedtobecometheboastofhiscountry，thewon
derofhistime，andthe“ornamentofhissrjecies.“
Beyondthegrandfather，RobertNewton，thedescentofSir
Isaaccannotwithcertaintybetraced.Twotraditionswereheld
inthefamily:one，thattheywereofScotchextraction;the
other，thattheycameoriginallyfromNewton，inLancashire，
dwelling，foratime，however，atWestby，countyofLincoln，be
foretheremovaltoandpurchaseofWoolsthorpeaboutahundred
yearsbeforethismemorablebirth
ThewidowNewtonwasleftwiththesimplemeansofacom
fortablesubsistence.TheWoolsthorpeestatetogetherwith
smallonewhichshepossessedatSewstern，inLeicestershire，yield
edheranincomeofsomeeightypounds;anduponthislimitedsum，
shehadtorelychieflyforthesupportofherself，andtheeduca
tionofherchild.Shecontinuedhisnurtureforthreeyears，
when，marryingagain，sheconfidedthetenderchargetothecare
ofherownmother
Greatgeniusisseldommarkedbyprecociousdevelopment;
andyoungIsaac，sent，attheusualage，totwodayschoolsa
SkillingtonandStoke，exhibitednounusualtraitsofcharacter
Inhistwelfthyear，hewasplacedatthepublicschoolatGrantham，
andboardedatthehouseofMr.Clark，anapothecary
Buteveninthisexcellentseminary，hismentalacquisitionscon
tinuedforawhileunpromisingenough:studyapparentlvhadno
charmsforhim;hewasveryinattentive，andrankedlowinthe
school.Oneday，however，theboyimmediatelyaboveourseem
inglydullstudentgavehimaseverekickinthestomach;Isaac，
deeplyaffected，butwithnooutburstofpassion，betookhimself，
withquiet，incessanttoil，tohisbooks;hequicklypassedabove
theoffendingclassmate;yettherehestoppednot;thestrong
spiritwas，foronceandforever，awakened，and，yieldingtoitb
nobleimpulse，hespeedilytookuphispositionattheheadofall
Hispeculiarcharacterbegannowrapidlytounfolditself
Closeapplicationgrewtobehabitual.Observationalternated
withreflection.“Asober，silent，thinkinglad，“yet，thewises
andthekindliest，theindisputableleaderofhisfellows.Gener
LIFEOFSIRISAVCNEWTON.11
osity，modesty，andaloveoftruthdistinguishedhimthenasever
afterwards.Hedidnotoftenjoinhisclassmatesinplay;buthe
wouldcontriveforthemvariousamusementsofascientifickind
Paperkitesheintroduced;carefullydeterminingtheirbestform
andproportions，andthepositionandnumberofpointswhereby
toattachthestring.Healsoinventedpaperlanterns;these
servedordinarilytoguidethewaytoschoolinwintermornings，
butoccasionallyforquiteanotherpurpose;theywereattachedto
thetailsofkitesinadarknight，tothedismayofthecountrypeople
dreadingportentouscomets，andtotheimmeasureabledelightol
hiscompanions.Tohim，however，youngashewas，lifeseemed
tohavebecomeanearnestthing.Whennotoccupiedwithhis
studies，hismindwouldbeengrossedwithmechanicalcontrivances;
nowimitating，nowinventing.Hebecamesingularlyskilfulinthe
useofhislittlesaws，hatchets，hammers，andothertools.A
windmillwaserectednearGrantham;duringtheoperationsol
theworkmen，hewasfrequentlypresent;
inashorttime，hehad
completedaperfectworkingmodelofit，whichelicitedgeneral
admiration.Notcontent，however，withthisexactimitation，he
conceivedtheideaofemploying，intheplaceofsails，animalpower，
and，adaptingtheconstructionofhismillaccordingly，heenclosed
initamouse，calledthemiller，andwhichbyactingonasorto
treadvvheel，gavemotiontothemachine.Heinvented，too，a
mechanicalcarriagehavingfourwheels，andputinmotionwith
ahandleworkedbythepersonsittinginside.Themeasuremen
oftimeearlydrewhisattention.Hehrstconstructedawater
clock，inproportionssomewhatlikeanold-fashionedhouseclock
Theindexofthedialplatewasturnedbyapieceofwoodacted
uponbydroppingwater.Thisinstrument，thoughlongusedby
himself，andbyMr.Clarksfamily，didnotsatisfyhisinquiring
mind.Histhoughtsrosetothesun;and，bycarefulandoft-re
peatedobservationsofthesolarmovements，hesubsequently
formedmanydials.Oneofthese，namedIsaacsdial，wasthe
accurateresultofyearslabour，andwasfrequentlyreferredto
forthehourofthedaybythecountrypeople
Maywenotdiscerninthesecontinualeffortsthediligentre
search^thepatientmeditation，theaspiringglance，andtheenergy
12LIFEOFSIRISAACNEWTON
ofdiscoverythestirringelementsofthatwondrousspirit，
which，clear，calm，andgreat，moved，inafteryears，through
deeponwardthroughdeepofNaturesmysteries，unlockingher
strongholds，dispellingdarkness，educingordereverywheresi
lentlyconquering
Newtonhadanearlyanddecidedtastefordrawing.Pictures，
takensometimesfromcopies，butoftenfromlife，anddrawn，
colouredandframedbyhimself，ornamentedhisapartment.He
wasskilledalso，inpoeticalcomposition，
“excelledinmaking
verses
;“someofthesewereborneinremembranceandrepeated，
seventyyearsafterward，byMrs.Vincent，forwhom，inearly
youth，asMissStorey，heformedanardentattachment.She
wasthesisterofaphysicianresidentnearWoolsthorpe;bu
NewtonsintimateacquaintancewithherbeganatGrantha
wheretheywerebothnumberedamongtheinmatesofthesame
house.Twoorthreeyearsyoungerthanhimself，ofgreatper
sonalbeauty，andunusualtalent，hersocietyaffordedhimthe
greatestpleasure;andtheiryouthfulfriendship，itisbelieved，
graduallyrosetoahigherpassion;butinadequacyoffortune
preventedtheirunion.MissStoreywasafterwardstwicemar
ried;Newton，never;hisesteemforhercontinuedunabated
duringlife，accompaniedbynumerousactsofattentionand
kindness
In1656，Newtonsmotherwasagainleftawidowr
，andtook
upherabodeoncemoreatWoolsthorpe.Hewasnowfifteen
yearsofage，andhadmadegreatprogressinhisstudies
;butshe，
desirousofhishelp，andfrommotivesofeconomy，recalledhim
fromschool.Businessoccupations，however，andthemanage
mentofthefarm，provedutterlydistastefultohim.Whensentto
GranthamMarketonSaturdays，hewouldbetakehimselftohis
formerlodgingsintheapothecarysgarret，wheresomeofMr
Clarksoldbooksemployedhisthoughtstilltheagedandtrus
worthyservanthadexecutedthefamilycommissionsandannounced
thenecessityofreturn:or，atothertimes，ouryoungphilosopher
wouldseathimselfunderahedge，bythewayside，andcontinue
hisstudiestillthesamefaithfulpersonageproceedingaloneto
thetownandcompletingthedaysbusinessstoppedashere
LIFEOFSIRISAACNEWTON，13
turned.Themoreimmediateaffairsofthefarmreceivedno
betterattention.Infact，hispassionforstudygrewdailymore
absorbing，andhisdislikeforeveryotheroccupationmorein
tense.Hismother，therefore，wiselyresolvedtogivehimallthe
advantageswhichaneducationcouldconfer.Hewassentback
toGranthamschool，whereheremainedforsomemonthsinbusy
preparationforhisacademicalstudies.Attherecommendation
ofoneofhisuncles，whohadhimselfstudiedatTrinityCollege，
Cambridge，Newtonproceededthither，andwasdulyadmitted
onthe5thdayofJune1660，intheeighteenthyearofhisage
Theeagerstudenthadnowentereduponanewandwider
field
;andwefindhimdevotinghimselftothepursuitofknow
ledgewithamazingardourandperseverance.Amongothersub
jects，hisattentionwassoondrawntothatofJudicialAstrology
Heexposedthefollyofthispseudo-sciencebyerectingafigure
withtheaidofoneortwooftheproblemsofEuclid;andthus
beganhisstudyoftheMathematics.Hisresearchesintothis
sciencewereprosecutedwithunparallelledvigourandsuccess
RegardingthepropositionscontainedinEuclidasself-eviden
truths，hepassedrapidlyoverthisancientsystemastepwhich
heafterwardmuchregrettedandmastered，withoutfurtherpre
paratorystudy，theAnalyticalGeometryofDescartes.Walliss
ArithmeticofInfinites，SaundersonsLogic，andtheOpticsof
Kepler，healsostudiedwithgreatcare;writinguponthem
manycomments;and，inthesenotesonWallissworkwasun
doubtedlythegermofhisfluxionarycalculus.Hisprogresswas
sogreatthathefoundhimselfmoreprofoundlyversedthanhistutor
inmanybranchesoflearning.Yethisacquisitionswereno
gottenwiththerapidityofintuition
;buttheywerethoroughly
madeandfirmlysecured.Quicknessofapprehension，orIntel
lectualnimblenessdidnotbelongtohim.Hesawtoofar:his，
insightwastoodeep.Hedweltfully，cautiouslyupontheleas
subject;whiletotheconsiderationofthegreatest，hebroughta
massivestrengthjoinedwithamatchlessclearness，that，regard
lessofthemerelytrivialorunimportant，borewithunerringsa
gacityupontheprominencesofthesubject，and，grapplingwith
itsdifficulties，rarelyfailedtosurmountthe
14LIFEOFSIRISAACNEWTON
Hisearlyandfastfriend，Dr.Barrowincompassofinven
tiononlyinferiortoNewtonwhohadbeenelectedProfessor
ofGreekintheUniversity，in1660，wasmadeLucasianProfes
sorofMathematicsin1663，andsoonafterwarddeliveredhis
OpticalLectures:themanuscriptsofthesewererevisedbyNew
ton，andseveraloversightscorrected，andmanyimportantsug
gestionsmadebyhim;buttheywerenotpublishedtill1669
Intheyear1665，hereceivedthedegreeofBachelorofArts;
and，in1666，heentereduponthosebrilliantandimposingdis
coverieswhichhaveconferredinappreciablebenefitsuponscience，
andimmortalityuponhisownname
Newton，himself，statesthathewasinpossessionofhisMethod
ofFluxions，“intheyear1666，orbefore.“Infinitequantities
hadlongbeenasubjectofprofoundinvestigation;amongthe
ancientsbyArchimedes，andPappusofAlexandria;amongthe
modernsbyKepler，Cavaleri，Roberval，FermatandWallis
WithconsummateabilityDr.Wallishadimproveduponthelahou
ofhispredecessors:withahigherpower，Newtonmoved
forwardsfromwhereWallisstopped.Ourauthorfirstinvented
hiscelebratedBINOMIALTHEOREM.Andthen，applyingthis
Theoremtotherectificationofcurves，andtothedetermination
ofthesurfacesandcontentsofsolids，andthepositionoftheir
centresofgravity，hediscoveredthegeneralprincipleofdeducing
theareasofcurvesfromtheordinate，byconsideringtheareaas
anascentquantity，increasingbycontinualfluxioninthepropor
tionofthelengthoftheordinate，andsupposingtheabscissa
toincreaseuniformlyinproportiontothetime.Regardinglines
asgeneratedbythemotionofpoints，surfacesbythemotionof
lines，andsolidsbythemotionofsurfaces，andconsideringtha
theordinates，abscissae，&c.，ofcurvesthusformed，varyaccord
ingtoaregularlawdependingontheequationofthecurve，
hededucedfromthisequationthevelocitieswithwhichthese
quantitiesaregenerated，andobtainedbytherulesofinfinite
series，theultimatevaluerequired.Tothevelocitieswithwhich
我擦，这什么意思。不让人学呗，英文文献呗。你了不起，你清高。欺负我读书少呗。这时赵老师又说了一句：“鉴于同学们在中学的时候，已经学过不少这个方面的知识了，今天我们这个章节就学快点。后面两个章节也放在这里讲，你们说行不行。”这时，所有人都鸦雀无声。
突然，一句“没有问题”在课堂上炸响。又是他胡太原。这时的他都已经是恶向胆边生了，他都准备找几个人一起将这家伙狠狠地揍一顿，就这家伙话多。
这是看见老师看见有人同意后也继续开始讲课，只不过在开课前说了两句。“同学们你们一定要记住，知识改变命运，我们虽然是修行者，但是我们的前辈中也有不少人就是吃了没有知识的亏，造成了很严重的后果。所以老师希望你们可以多多学习知识，正确修行“。
本章结束